The ever-increasing pressure to reduce vehicle emissions is forcing manufacturers (and suppliers) to continuously modify the combustion process of their engines to produce fewer pollutants. The addition of an exhaust-gas recirculation valve is one way of reducing harmful NOx emissions. The principle of operation is to return some of the burned exhaust gases (now essentially inert gas) back to the combustion chamber for the next combustion event. This adds thermal mass without contributing to the combustion event, which lowers combustion temperature and reduces NOx emissions. In a petrol engine (non-direct injection), efficiency gains can be made by not throttling the incoming air during part-load conditions but rather recirculating exhaust gases to keep the air-fuel mixture close to the perfect ratio (stoichiometric). This lowers the pumping losses of the engine and improves fuel consumption. Denso has developed an EGR cooler that it claims is 30 per cent smaller than current units while offering equal performance. This cooler offers OEMs the opportunity to employ the technology even if there is little space available under the bonnet of their vehicles. Toyota has already signed up to use this unit in its American-spec Camry and Prius c models. Denso has plans to offer this product worldwide as a solution to meet tighter fuel efficiency and exhaust regulations.
EGR cooler
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